An Overview to the Concepts, Indicators, Frames and Models of Earthquake Resilience

Natural disasters have always been a major challenge for urban communities, and human settlements, infrastructures and capital have been threatened always. According to statistics, casualties have increased over time, and the vulnerability of urban communities has risen sharply against disasters (especially in developing countries). By increasing the numbers and varieties of natural hazards in human settlements, a problem has been created in the life of human societies. In this point, the current approach to focusing on the reduction of vulnerability and purely physical rehabilitation has changed to resilience against disasters.
This paper is a review study using library resources, based on books, articles, thesis, reports, documents as well as valid internet sites, to identify and explain the concepts, indicators frames and models of earthquake resilience. Based on the review of specialized texts and written documents in this field, the study of theoretical foundations of the resilience, the dimensions, components and measures of anticipation are discussed.
Findings: Resilience in its essence has a social dimension. In fact, resilience against a disaster is a living and dynamic concept and more is a collective action and cooperation to deal with the social crisis. In other words, society should be resilient to strengthen the body. Therefore, it seems that, regarding the connections and interconnectedness of the intangible and intangible dimensions of resilience, researchers should have a comprehensive and all-inclusive approach in this field. In other words, one-dimensional views in this area will no longer work. In fact, in the field of the resilience against a disaster, what is more and more needed is interdisciplinary researches with a compound approach whose achievement is a mixed and generalizable model with the goal of promoting resilience against disasters.
The resilience against disasters is a relatively new concept and does not go away for several decades. In order to continue researches in this field, the application of the compound approach is inevitable, and with the purpose of increasing the resilience, qualitative and methods should be appropriately combined to function in an operational manner to resilience against earthquake. In addition, the sustainable livelihood framework suggests a neighborhood-based approach to disaster mitigation in developing countries. Neighborhood, apart from the existence of dynamic social relationships in a specific geographical area, is due to the existence of subjective criteria, a suitable platform for improving collective life and disaster relief.