Analysis of relativism epistemic foundations in secular ethic

Given that moral relativism is rooted in the relativity of episteme, it is necessary to address its epistemic foundations. In this paper, three bases of rationalism, individualism, and reductionism will be examined. Since relativism may also be raised at the level of religious ethics, secular ethics will remove the first possibility out of discussion. Among the foundations of relativism, minimalistic rationalism is that the moral stimulus of human is not intellect, rather is emotion. The reason simply is a prudent instrumental under desire. Here, the rationality disappears and the authority of all moral theories destroys. . In individualism, all humans are equal and have rights to be free to determine ethical values. In this case, "other" isn’t important at all. Non awareness of all personal desires, the absence of solution as behavioral contradictions occurs is due to this base fault. Reductionism as another foundation regards the human in one aspect and reduces the morality to subjective things and it serves ethics just toward the biological needs. Not only this base destroys authority itself, also it denies the lower values and needs by negation of higher values