Normal and abnormal ultrasonography of the urinary system in ruminant

Ultrasonography is one of the best and most valuable methods for diagnosing diseases of the urinary tract in humans and animals. The general principles of ultrasonography of the urinary tract in ruminants are similar to those described for humans and small animals. Ultrasonographic technique and normal findings are well described in cattle, sheep and goats. In this article, a review has been made of the normal and abnormal ultrasonographic technique of urinary tract in ruminant, which, can also be used for other domestic and wild ruminants.