Relationship between Biochemical Composition of Maternal Diet during Lactation and Food Allergy in Infants: a Review Study

Exclusive breast-feeding is a good way to ensure the nutritional needs and Increases infant immunity level against the pathogenic microorganisms. Dietary patterns, the type and biochemical composition of nutrients in breast milk, particularly fats and proteins can be the cause of allergies in infants. Considering the increasing prevalence and severity of infant allergy and the relationship between maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation with food allergies in newborns this study was carried out. The present study have reviewed the articles up to 2017. With the limited search for the keywords of infant, nutrition, diet, food allergy, pregnancy and lactation, 58 articles have been obtained. Of these, 29 articles were separately extracted that data based on the type of study, the target group studied, the duration of the study and the mother's diet during the period of milking and the severity of sensitivity and its possible causes were collected. Collected data indicated on strong relationship between maternal diet and infant's allergies during lactation. The results showed that according to the amount of omega-3, omega-6 and herbal oils in the diet of the mother, they increases in produced milk. Also, the lack of allergenic foods in this period can reduce the severity of food allergy in newborns. Therefore, the complete removal of allergens from the diet of lactating mothers, exclusive breastfeeding, the prudent use of new foods to the child, the provision of medicines for the treatment of food allergy reactions, health advice, and the accurate labeling of food labels can prevents of the occurrence of food allergies in infants.