Engineering of lipid production in oleaginous microorganisms

Microbial oils are of great interest to researchers as they provide essential fatty acids and are among renewable energy sources. Oleaginous microorganisms have the ability to produce oils up to 60% of their weight, most of which are accumulated in the form of triglycerides. Fouroleaginous genera including bacteria, microalgae, fungi, and yeasts are among the largestproducers of microbial oils. A variety of physical and chemical factors are effective in microbial oils production, among which carbon source, nutrient deficiency, temperature, light intensity and pH of the environment can be noticed. Considering theconstraints faced by various physical and chemical treatments in microbial oils production, most researches are currently focusing ongenetic modifications to enhance lipid production in oleaginous microorganisms. This article reviewed 210 peer-reviewed articles entitled engineering of lipid production in oleaginous microorganisms in scientific databases during 1990-2017, among which 89 to particles wereselected for further assessments. In order to have the best achievement in replacement of new oil sources on a large scale, these resources should be optimized in terms of unique properties such as unsaturated fatty acids production, lipid yield, as well as lipid profile. The present study is ana ttempt to recommend some basic approaches to increase microbial oils production by oleaginous microorganisms. These strategies should be in line with genetic and environment-protection priorities. Concurrently, they could be useful for knowledge-based enterprises from the economical point of view