Preconcentration and determination of palladium water samples by ionic liquid - dispersive liquid liquid microextraction combined with flame atomic absorption spectrometry

A simple, rapid and efficient dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction by use of ionic liquid (IL-DLLME) method, followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) was developed for the preconcentration and determination of palladium in water samples. In this method, an appropriate mixture of acetone and octyl methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate was injected rapidly into the aqueous sample containing palladium-DDTC complex, as a result cloudy mixture was formed. After extraction of palladium complex into fine droplet, the mixture was centrifuged. As a result, fine organic drop was setteled in the bottom of test tube. After remove of aqueous solution and dilution of organic phase; it was introduced into the flame atomic absorption by microsampler injector. Several parameters influencing the microextraction efficiency, such as the nature and volume of organic solvent, pH of aqueous solution, amount of complexing agent, stirring rate and extraction time were investigated and optimized. The applicability of technique was evaluated by determination of trace amounts of palladium in several water samples. Under the optimum conditions, the enhancement factor was 83. The limit of detection, 2.8 μgL−1 and relative standard deviation (RSD) 4.31 % (n=10) were obtained.