Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms in Fars native chicken using whole genome sequencing data

One of the most important approaches in animal breeding is identification of structural variations responsible for economical important traits. Next generation sequencing technologies are provided accurate tools for this purpose. In the present study, Fars province native poultry genome was analyzed using genome sequencing approach. Paired-end sequencing of the whole genome was conducted by Illumina Company in China. Data quality was determined by FastQC software. Short reads of sequences were mapped with the reference genome with the BWA program. Single nucleotide polymorphisms and small deletions and insertions were identified with the GATK program. The short sequences were compared with the reference genome of over 99% and with the mean depth of the X8 coverage. In this study, 8858153 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 895378 small deletions and insertions were identified with the lowest counts in the exon region. Since the results of identifying the variants showed that the most frequent variant is related to single nucleotide polynomials¡ in this study, heterozygous loci were higher than homozygous loci indicating the high diversity of the population under study. Given the history of several thousand years of chicken domestication in Iran, one can expect that adaptation to the environment has occurred in the population studied. As a result of genomic changes in order to adapt to the environment, it has created a diversity in the population.