Evaluation of yield stability of winter barley varieties (Hordeum vulgare L.) using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction method

Accurate recognition of the genotype - environment interaction nature, provides the possibility of identification of stable genotypes for breeders and it is always one of the important issues in production and release of new cultivars in plant breeding projects. The existence of genotype - environment interaction influences the genotypes value in different locations. Aim to present study was identification of the cultivars responds to different regions based on the model of the additive main effects and multiplicative interactions (AMMI), better understanding of interaction between genotype and environment, determine the general and the specific stability.
Material and Ten varieties of winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.,) (Gorgan 4, Reihan, Kavir, Nosrat, Nimrooz, Valfajr, Makoei, Zarjo, Gorgan, Strain) evaluated during 2015- 2016 in 5 regions including Karaj, Birjand, Kashmar, Sanandaj and Shiraz in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three repeats. First, Bartlett's test carried out on the data, suggesting the uniformity of errors in the various experiments. The additive main effects and multiplicative interactions method (AMMI) used to investigation of the genotype and genotype - environment interaction and find out of the adaptability and stability of genotypes. The highest grain yield belonged to strain cultivar with 602.87 g / m2, the lowest grain yield reveal for Reyhan and Zarjo cultivars was 306.73 and 3338.33 g / m2 respectively. AMMI results showed the main genotype effect, genotype - environment interaction and the first principal component interaction were significant at the 1 % likelihood level and the first interaction principal component of the genotype - environment interaction explains about 76 % of sum of squares. The interaction of genotype and environment explain 25% of the total sum of squares. For studying of the varieties stability, AMMI stability value (ASV) used and Zarjo, Nosrat and Makuei genotypes, to rate 0.77, 2.48 and 2.74 respectively, assigned lowest amount ASV, but Nosrat variety with average yield upper known as stable varieties. Between environments, Kashmar with the lowest ASV (6.58) had the highest stability. Base regression coefficient (bi) Nimrooz, Makuei and Zarjo had the adequate stability. Base coefficient of determination (Ri2) and Hanson stability estimator, Nosrat, Makuei, Zarjou and Gorgan cultivares had the upper stability. Kavir and Nosrat genotypes based AMMI1 graph, had the upper total yield average and the first component interacts was the lowest rate therefore known as the most stable genotype. Based on the first and second principal component biplot graph (AMMI2), Zarjo, Makuei and Nosrat, were the most stable genotypes. Base this graph the Kavir, Valfajr, Gorgan and Strain cultivars had the lowest yield stability. The results of this study show the significant genetics variability among genotypes and genotype - environment interaction and base AMMI method, Kavir and Nosrat were the most stable genotypes.