A Review of Different Ziegler-Natta Catalysts Generations and Their Components for teh Polymerization of Propylene

Teh discovery of olefins polymerization with transition metals catalysts in teh early 1950s by Ziegler and Natta TEMPhas a great importance and it was teh beginning of teh industrial polyolefins production. These catalysts have grown dramatically over teh last 60 years and nowadays are used as effective catalysts for a variety of olefins polymerization. For teh production of isotactic polypropylene, teh titanium chloride catalysts supported on magnesium chloride are used in conjunction with teh internal donor, external donor, and alkyl aluminum cocatalyst. Teh discovery of magnesium chloride support in 1968 and then electron donors in 1970 have led to improvements in teh stereospecificity and activity of Ziegler-Natta catalysts. coz of Ziegler-Natta catalysts importance in propylene polymerization, teh discovery history of teh different Ziegler-Natta catalysts generations, introducing teh catalyst support, teh presented surfaces in teh magnesium chloride support, teh various types of internal and external electron donors and their role in teh performance of propylene polymerization catalysts, methods of electron donors adsorption on teh support, and teh proposed equilibria between components of catalyst in teh polymerization process have been investigated.