Investigation of morphological, yield and medicinal properties of Perilla (Perilla frutscens) under chemical, biological and organic fertilizers in Mashhad Ardehal and Sensen regions of Kashan

Medicinal plants are one of the main natural resources of Iran from ancient times. Perilla is an annual plant of the mint family Lamiaceae, native to east Asia and widely cultivated in India, China, Japan, Hong Kong, South and North Korea. Since, there was no study not only on adoptability of Perilla in Iran climate conditions but also on different fertilizer systems, this experiment was conducted in two experimental site (Mashhad Arde hal and Sen sen of Kashan). Experiment was conducted as split plot factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at two experimental site in 2014. The main factor three chemical fertilizer levels (control, 50, 100, 200 kg/ha) and sub plots were different kinds of organic fertilizer (control, humic acid and compost application) and inoculation with Piriformospora indica (inoculation and uninoculation). Plant height, node number per plant, flower number per inflorescence, stem number per plant, leaf area index, plant yield, rosmarinic content and rosmarinic yield per area were studied. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SAS software (version 9.1). Also, means comparison were compared by LSD test at 5% probability level. The results showed a significance different between two experimental locations so that Mashhad Arde hal showed better performance than Sen sen in terms of all studied traits. Among levels of chemical fertilizers, 50 and 100 kg/ha and between organic fertilizer, humic acid was recorded better result but biological fertilizers had no significance effect on studied traits, however, this fertilizer positive effects were obtained along with other fertilizer integrations. The highest plant yield (147.2 gr/m2) and rosmarinic acid yield per area (3.432 gr/m2) was achieved in 100 kg/ha at chemical fertilizer with humic acid and biological fertilizer application and the lowest plant yield (89.86 gr/m2) and rosmarinic acid yield per area (1.253 gr/m2) was observed in control. It seems that integrated application of chemical, organic and biological fertilizers improved soil physical and chemical properties and resulted in increase in availability of nutrients and ultimately the yield and quality of plants. Overall, Mashhad Arde hal due to good soil and climate charactristics was better for planting Perilla as compared to the Sen sen region. Also, integrated application of the studird fertilizers showed more positive effect on yield and quality of Perilla than individual application of those fertilizers