Ahmadvand issue under the rule of Zill al-Sultan in Kermanshah (1881 -1888)

The role of Ahmadvand nomads in the western borders of Iran in the later part of the 19th century, and how they were expelled from the country is reviewed in this paper. Method and Research Design: Archival records and library resources were consulted to collect data. Findings and Conclusion: Ahmadvands were Ottoman Empire subjects; however, they often passed the borders freely and often settled in Iran. They imposed a threat to the region by looting and being involved in armed clashes. Governors of Kermanshahan failed to expel them from the Iranian territory for decades as Ahmadvands had strategic advantages in the region due to having control over the routes of other nomads. The governor of Zil el-Soltan deceived them by signing a peace agreement with their chiefs first, then ambushed and killed the chiefs, and forced the tribe to leave Iran.