Study of Theories of Truth and Falsity Based on the First Sign of Surah Munafiqun (Feudists)

In linguistics, there have been a large number of theories in defining truth and falsity. Muslim scientists have attempted to do this in different scientific fields. They consider 2 criteria for truth and falsity: congruity or incongruity with the external event, and informative belief. Regarding these 2 criteria, 4 theories have been formed: Correspondence Theory; Nazzam’s viewpoints; Jahez’s viewpoints as well as subjective and objective theory of truth and falsity. The adherents of the 4 theories have referred to the first sign of Surah Munafiqun. In this sign, on the one hand, the feudists have testified to the prophecy of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), and on the other, God Has testified to their being liars.
Investigation of the characteristics of the sign as well as some other relevant signs has considered the 4th theory as the best. Congruity and incongruity with the objective reality is the verbal truth and falsity whereas congruity and incongruity with the informative belief is the subjective truth and falsity. Making a distinction between the two subjective and objective situations in truth and falsity will lead to noticeable results in the interpretation of Koranic signs