Explaining the cultural, social activities of the intellectual movement of the National-Religious Forces during in the Second Pahlavi era: From September 1941 to the political opening in 1960

At the end of Reza Shah’s rule, the Iranian society witnessed a modern religious movement that together with the developments after the September 1941 events led to a new intellectual movement in the country. Out of this movement, a spectrum of religious intellectuals was formed who were influenced by European civilization and ideology of liberalism. Its members were following the prevailing world approach of opposition at the time - having a non-violent, cultural and social struggle. The despotic ruling of the time, during the 1940s and 50s, gave priorities to the group's social and cultural activities. The present paper has been conducted using a descriptive-analytical method, based on library studies and validation of archival documents. The main question of the research is: "What were the most important socio-cultural activities of the National-Religious Forces in the 40s and 50s, and what were their objectives for such activates?" The results of the present research indicate that the aforementioned spectrum turned to such activities because they believed the main issue of the Iranian society was not regime change, but reforms of cultural and social issues in line with the Constitution. To do so, they established community movements to promote ethical and national-religious values useful for education of a new generation.