Risk Factors Affecting Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn in Fatemieh Hospital of Hamadan, Iran, 2015 - 2016

Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is one of the important causes of neonatal respiratory distress and hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The current study aimed at identifying the risk factors of TTN in a single tertiary care center. The current prospective, case-control study was conducted on 180 newborns allocated in the 2 groups of with TTN (n = 90) as the case group, and without TTN (n = 90) as the control group for 1 year from April to March 2015 in a public hospital of Hamadan, Iran. Newborn and mother’s information was extracted from their medical records. Diagnosis of TTN was based on clinical and radiological findings, after ruling out other respiratory distress causes. Data were analyzed using logistic regression and P < 0.05 was considered the level of significance. The raw data analysis of regression factors associated with TTN showed that the risk of TTN was higher in late preterm infants (odds ratio (OR): 6.15; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.17 - 11.92, P = 0.001) as well as male newborns (OR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.17 - 0.62, P = 0.001), and those born by cesarean (OR: 11.22, 95% CI: 5.33 - 23.62, P = 0.001). Moreover, the risk of TTN increased with Apgar score in the first minute (OR: 0.02.95% CI: 0.00 - 0.05, P = 0.001) and decreased with the fifth minute (OR: 0.02; 95% CI: 0.00 - 0.06, P = 0.001). The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the odds of TTN of late preterm newborns was 2.96 times higher than that of term newborns (OR: 2.96, 95% CI: 1.09 - 8.04, P = 0.033). Furthermore, with increase in Apgar score in the first minute, the risk of TTN reduced (OR: 0.02; 95% CI: 0.01 - 0.07, P = 0.001). Prematurity and Apgar score in the first minute were the risk factors for TTN. Consequently, the risk of TTN can be reduced by the prevention of preterm birth and improvement of perinatal care.