Dispute settlements mechanisms of the exclusive economic zone and their challenges

Given specific legal regime of the Exclusive Economic zone which is prone to disputes in itself, some mechanisms have been devised for settlement of these disputes in the 1982 law of the sea convention. However, in the years after adoption of the convention, because of being imprecise and ambiguous, these mechanisms have been proved inefficient, in a way that if concepts mentioned in them remain undefined, it can be said that there is no difference in their existence. Maybe it is the reason for judicial bodies including the ITLOS tribunal, not being interested in these mechanisms at all. In this article, after examining the setbacks and flaws of the mechanisms in general, we head toward analyzing specifically two common and different in nature disputes, arising in the exclusive economic zone, namely, military activities and offshore bunkering. In view of these two, we are going to give some suggestions about solving all disputes which arise out of this zone