Effect of different levels of irrigation on yield and yield components and its relationship with protein electrophoresis pattern of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) genotypes

Drought is undoubtedly one of the most important environmental stresses limiting the productivity of crop plants in the world. Drought can be defined as below normal precipitation that limits plant productivity. In drought stress conditions, plants close their stomata to avoid further water loss. Decreasing internal CO2 concentration and inhibition of ATP synthesis lead to a decrease in the net photosynthetic rate under drought stress. A field experiment was conducted in 2017 at the Research Farm of the University of Payame Noor University center of Asadabad. The experiment was arranged as split plot design with three replications. Drought stress treatments (A1 (normal irrigation), A2 (cutting irrigation after flowering), A3 (cutting irrigation after podding) and A4 (drought condition) and genotype effect (Green Ghazvin, Asadaba Local, Kermanshah Local, Kimia, Bile Savar and Ghachsaran) were allocated to the sub-plots. Seeds of lentil were obtained from Deputy Head of the Research Institute of dry Land Sararood, Kermanshah Iran. Each plot was included 6 rows of with 2m long and 20 cm distance. The traits of Pod length, Pod width, Height at podding stage, Height at harvesting stage, SPAD on the pod stage, SPAD at flowering stage, Leaflet length, number of seeds per pod, number of seeds per plant, weight of 100 seeds, single plant dry weight, grain performance, day flowering and Relative Water Content were measured. Also, Study of the morphological characteristics and molecular markers for genetic diversity determination is one of the basic steps in the most breeding programs that which was considered in this experiment. The analysis of variance, mean comparison, Mantel test, Jaccard' s similarity matrix and cluster analysis was used for identifying the best genotypes and traits in the current experiment, also identification of genetic distance between studied genotypes under two conditions of drought stress and moisture. By using the grain protein pattern of the studied genotypes and the zero assignment (absence of protein band) and 1 (presence of protein band) with the help of NTSYS software 2.02 e, cluster analysis with method UPGMA was performed. Correlation between morphological and molecular traits was assessed using Mantel test with software XLSTAT 2017. Analysis of variance results showed that in genotypes of all traits, except than traits, the number of grains in the pod and relative content of water were significant at 1% probability level. At drought levels, other than height traits in poding stage, SPAD at flowering stage, number of seeds per pod, weight dry single plant and relative water content of leaves of all traits were significant. To determine the correlation between agronomic and molecular traits, Mantel-Haenszel test was used and a significant correlation was observed at the probability level of 5% of agronomic traits in normal moisture conditions with molecular data, and a significant correlation was observed at the probability level of 5% of agronomic traits in normal moisture conditions with molecular data. Identifying and detection of the traits with high mean in all condition Moisture is a suitable strategy for indirect selection of grain yield. According to the results, the effect of drought stress on genotypes was determined. The genetic distance of genotypes was also determined based on Jaccard's similarity coefficients.