The Analysis of Naturalistic Elements in Novel of Safar-e Shab by Bahman Sholehvar

The literary school of naturalism was endorsed in the late nineteenth century by Emile Zola in France. This school considers the behavior and thoughts of man from natural desires and inner instincts and emphasizes aspects of inheritance, environment, moment and observation of human life away from idealism. Naturalistic through the translation entered the Iranian literature And influenced some of Iran's contemporary writers, including Bahman Sholehvar. In this paper, we examine the novel of Safar-e Shab by Sholehvar in a descriptive analytical method from the perspective of naturalism and the results of the research show sixteen components of naturalism in this work. Components of detailed descriptions and description of details, opposition to moral and religious conventions, Obscenity, The obvious expression of sexual issues, breaking the sanctity of words and concepts, the influence of the environment, colloquial language, the feeling of despair and vanity, attention to the lower class, and the negation of will and power are the most frequent components of Safar-e Shab novel. Reasons like the author's style and the political and social atmosphere of the 1930s and 40s are the underlying causes of the frequency of these components.