Three-dimensional Analysis of the Convective Nanofluid Flow in a Duct with Abrupt Contraction

In this research, the effects of Ag-nanoparticles, volume fraction on the hydrodynamic and thermal behaviors of convective flow in a three-dimensional duct with abrupt contraction are studied. The abrupt contraction is created by an inclined forward facing step. The blocked-off method is used to simulate the inclined surfaces of the step. The set of non-dimensional governing equations, consisting continuity, momentum, and energy were solved numerically by CFD techniques and SIMPLE algorithm. To investigate the influences of nanoparticle´s volume fraction, distributions of temperature, velocity, friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and mean bulk temperature were presented graphically. Our numerical results show that the Ag-nanoparticles volume fraction has significant effects on thermal and hydrodynamical behaviors of the flow.