Genetic and nutrition interaction and its association with the risk of cancer

Cancer is one of the most complex diseases which involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Nutrition is one of the environmental factors which can prevent cancer and other diseases or result them. Each of the dietary components uses the mechanism to inhibit the growth of tumor cells or interacts with other molecules in cell signaling pathways. In this review article, in particular the topics of "nutritional genomics" and "nutritional genetics" have been raised. "Nutritional genomics" studies the effect of nutrition on the expression of the gene and consequently on proteomics and metabolomics. "Nutritional genetics" investigates the effect of gene variants in response to foods in humans so that the gene variants in humans can change their response to foods. Also, food components can cause epigenetic changes and consequently, alter the gene expression. It has been shown that nutrition also affects the length of the telomere of the chromosomes.