Ethical and Ontological Frameworks in Security Cosmopolitanism

Cosmopolitanism is a body of thinking and practice committed to building a more just and sustainable international order, but it has never been systematically applied to the question or practice of security. This article argues that international threats as well as abusing of the security notion to cause insecurity pave way for a compelling normative and empirical case for a new security paradigm: security cosmopolitanism. Security cosmopolitanism is theoretizied to criticise and reform both national and collective security policies and processes through developing norms and ends, redefining their ontological foundations, and generating guiding ethical principles. It contributes to understanding of global security as a universal good by which the security of all states and all human beings is of equal weight, causal chains and processes spread widely across space and through time, and security actors are committed to consider the global impact of their choices. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: This study tends to use the theoretical framework provided by Anthony Burke to outline the fundamental, ethical, and ontological frameworks of a security vision that challenges the dominant ontological foundations of national security and international community based on a social contract between the citizen and the state. This article further develops and cuts across core themes in critical security studies from the normative agenda of the English and Welsh Schools to the hypercritical concerns of post-structuralist security studies as well as biopolitics, liberalism, governmentality, and universalism. The theory of security cosmopolitanism advanced here draws upon and contests elements of all these critical approaches. It challenges the reluctance of poststructuralist writers to advance normative claims or theorize the responsible exercise of power and governance, and supplements the Kantian and Habermasian ethics of the Welsh School. 4. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Security cosmopolitanism argues that not only states cannot contain and immunize the national social body from external threats but also insecurity derives from intenational threats caused by choices, powers, and systems of modernity. It generates a new analytical model for global security. CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONS: Focusing on Anthony Burke's deep-seated and critical research that challenges critical frameworks, national security, and international society, this study reviews the security model of cosmopolitanism was presented. Security cosmopolitanism aims to promote security for all human beings through a series of transformations in three levels: the identity forms and policies of states; the structures, norms, commitments, and operations of global governance; and the actions of corporations and other non-state actors that impact the security of people and ecosystems.