The right of the accused to compensation in the Iranian criminal justice system

Normally, when the right to compensation is spoken, the victim's compensation is taken into account, as the Iranian legislator has done so in articles 14 and 15 of the Criminal Procedure Code. But the current article refers, not the victim, but the accused right to compensation. The Criminal Procedure Code of 1912 and 1999 referred to the possibility of compensating the accused by the private complainant, who was found to be iniquitous. However, none of the two codes referred to the government's obligation to compensate for the innocent accused. The criminal procedure Code of 2014 stipulates the government's obligation to compensate the defendant for damages, but does not rule out the possibility of compensation by the plaintiff, who was found to be iniquitous. Certainly, the failure to affirm the liability of an iniquitous complainant does not exempt him of the liability to compensation and he will be liable according to general rules of civil liability. Reaffirming the responsibility of the government to offset the losses of innocent accused is one of the highlights of the new code, which is according to international conventions. But the lack of provision for compensation for unjustified detention is one of the gaps in the new law. The current paper is a practical and fundamental research which emphasizes on clarifying the different dimensions of the compensation by using the analytical method.