Climate Change and Its Adaptation Measures for Agriculture

Climate change is a reality which is occurring in most of the world countries, e.g. Iran. Increase in Greenhouse gases (mainly CO2), air temperature rise, and variability (mostly decrease) in precipitations are parameters of climate change which will affect greatly crop yield, crop water requirement, and crop production in agricultural sector in future. Therefore study of its impacts on agriculture and also the methods of adaptation to this phenomenon in agriculture, in regard to crop production, water consumption, and food security issues, are crucial. Among the different approaches and measures of adaptation to climate change are changes in crop type and cropping pattern together with breeding of crop cultivars resistance to different environmental stresses (e.g., drought, heat, and salinity) are of important ones. The current paper provides an analytical review of important international and national references on the impacts of climate change on agricultural crops from the heat stress, water requirement, response of crop to atmospheric CO2, and overall crop water use efficiency and production aspects in agriculture. Moreover, some measures and policies on adaptation to climate in agriculture are provided.