The effect of bromocresol green on fermentation activities of ruminal microorganisms and its removal from water using melon skin ash and processed sodium bentonite

An experiment was conducted to investigate two adsorbents containing ash prepared from the melon skin and sodium bentonite in removing bromocresol green as water pollutant in a culture medium prepared from rumen microorganisms and artificial salivary. Bromocresol green at three levels (0, 5 and 10 ppm) with processed sodium bentonite or ash prepared from melon skin, each at three levels (0, 4 and 8 mg) were used with a 3×2×3 factorial experiment in a laboratory media according to completely randomized design. Some of the fermentation parameters were estimated in the culture medium and the effect of adsorbents on bromocresol green removal was also evaluated in water at 3 and 24 hours. The effective removal of dye was observed (especially at 4% skin melon ash) when two adsorbent was added to water. Compared to the control, the gas production potential, cumulative gas production after 12, 24 and 48h incubation, metabolizable energy, short chain fatty acids, net energy for lactation, microbial protein yield, and organic matter digestibility increased significantly (P<0.05) when 5ppm of dye was added to the culture medium, but the 10 ppm of dye resulted in a decrease in these parameters. Generally, the addition of two adsorbents to the culture medium not only did not reduce the negative effects of the dye (10 ppm) on the fermentation parameters but also reduced some of these parameters and also it seems that ruminal microorganisms can use bromocerosol green (up to 5 ppm) to increase their fermentation parameters.