Effect of synthetic biologically activated 45S5 glass nanoparticles on osteogenesis differentiation of mesenchymal human bone marrow

  Glasses and glass-ceramics are a group of biological substances that form hydroxyapatite against a simulated solution of the body and can be used in many clinical cases that require the production and repair of bone. The purpose of this study was to create a 45S5 bioactive glass nanoparticle and evaluate its impact on staining and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into bone cells.

In this experimental research, the nanocomposite of the bioaccuminant 45S5 was synthesized by the fusion method and planetary mill was converted to the nanoscale structure; then, its physicochemical and structural properties were investigated. The bioactivity was evaluated using a simulated body solution. The growth, amplification and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in the vicinity of nanoparticles were investigated.

Biomedical evaluation indicated the formation of hydroxyapatite on nanoparticles after zinc immersion in the body was simulated. Cell experiments also confirmed the lack of toxicity of the glass nanoparticles and its stimulating effect for the growth, proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal cells in bone cells. In the bone differentiation, the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the glass nanoparticle was expressed after 14 days of differentiation (0.55 ± 0.07), while it was the control sample (0.15 ± 0.03).

According to the progenies, mesenchymal stem cells can propagate and grow on the nanoparticles of the synthesized bioactive glass and, in addition to not being toxic, stimulate and stimulate cell growth.