Presenting the Model of Women’s Employment Based on Social Constraints

Women’s employment has been considered as a challenging issue at a national as well as global level, and this has brought into play the public policy-making which is responsible for identifying and solving public problems. This science makes a distinction between problem sensing and problem perception. Sensing of the women’s employment problem associates us with issues such as the mismatch between job demand and supply for women or the mismatch between job attributes and women’s attributes, but problem perception is suggestive of a public atmosphere within the society, which directs the women’s choices and guides their options, and this atmosphere leads to a social constraint on women’s employment in the society. In other words, society has been the dominant force in development of environmental factors and modification of the natural factors, and its role in negation of free will, common sense, and rationality is rare, even unique. Thus, women’s employment issue in the society will not be settled unless through the reformation of society and removal of the existing social constraint as the causing and promoting factor in the women's employment. Accordingly, the present research aims to explain the women’s employment policies from the social constraint viewpoint. In order to get access to women’s employment policies, a multi methodology have been drawn upon. In this regard, the desk research method and a focus group interview were utilized and in the next stage, the interpretive structural modeling (ISM) technique was used to present a final model for the women’s employment policies. The results suggested the following seven policies: demand adjustment, discourse-making of the housekeeping as a job, promotion of household jobs, avoidance of being highly excited in choosing an occupation, encouragement of the conscious action, explanation of the goodness of action, the elimination of the factors causing social constraint.