The effect of electromagnetic waves of mobile phones on reproductive indices of angel fish (Pterophyllum Scalare) female brooders

The advancement of modern technology and its many uses in the environment, especially the aquatic ecosystem, has caused, in addition to humans, other organisms, especially fish, to be affected by its margins, including the effects of electromagnetic waves emitted by them. Therefore, attention to the effects of these waves on fish as the most important inhabitants of aquatic environments is necessary with economic aspects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mobile electromagnetic waves (900 MHz) on gonadal and liver weights, GTH II and ovarian tissue structure of angel fish female brooders during 10 days and in 3 experimental groups including: 1) control (without receiving Waves), 2) 4 times a day and each time for 30 minutes in faced with mobile phones in a standby position, and 3) 4 times a day and each time for 30 minutes in faced with mobile phones in a calling mode. At the end of the test after blood sampling, centrifugation and serum separation, GTH II was measured by radio immunoassay (RIA). The broods were then biometrically analyzed and scattered. The histological section of ovaries were prepared by the classical method of histology with hematoxylin-eosin staining, and microscopically evaluated for quantitative and qualitative examination. The gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic index as well as the mean level of GTH II in treatment group 2 was significantly higher than control group and treatment 1. No brooders of treatment 2 spawned. The number of atresia in treatment 2 was higher than that of other groups. The results showed that mobile-induced electromagnetic waves produced significant changes in the reproductive indices of female angel fish. However, more extensive studies are needed in the future.