The Role of the Constitutional-Era International Policies in the Emergence of a Powerful Government in Iran

The present paper seeks to answer the question of how the interventionist policies of foreign powers during the Constitutional era influenced the future political structure of Iran. The assumed answer to this question is that foreign powers interfered in internal affairs of Iran to insecure the country and, while expanding local separationist movements, provided the conditions for the proposal of a Powerful Government. In general, documentary studies show that in addition to the insecurities remaining from the Qajar era, the independence, sovereignty, and the territorial integrity of Iran were also under a real threat. The outcome of this situation was the visible fall of the authority of the Iranian government. In sum, the escalation of insecurity revealed that the society was prepared for a coup to end the occupation and the incapability of the governments, so that the main mission of the Constitutional Movement, which was to build a powerful government against insecurity, this time would be realized by the Kazakh forces.