Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) role in plant response to Xanthomonas

Xanthomonas is an important plant pathogenic bacteria and cause economic losses in a wide range of crop plants. The type III secretion system as a crucial pathogenicity factor is used to inject effector proteins into the host cell. Transcription activator like effectors (TALEs), known in the most Xanthomonas species, are DNA-binding proteins which determine solely the outcome of plant-pathogen interaction. Because of determinative nature of TALE-target gene interaction, the knowledge of pathogen TALome diversity, forecasting susceptibility genes, genome editing using new developed methods have provided novel strategies for management of plant diseases. This article reviews TALEs structure, their role in pathogenicity and resistance, as well development of resistant plants to Xanthomonas using TALome derived results.