CEMENT WASTE REDUCTION FRAMEWORK IN TEHRAN'S CONCRETE STRUCTURE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

In sustainable management of solid waste, decreasing construction waste generation is an important step. In developing countries, modern construction techniques are not adopted as in developed countries and contractors follow wasteful manners when utilizing building materials. The result is building material waste which unfavorably aects environment. At the same time, it is considered an earnest concern and a solemn environmental problem all over the world requiring a reliable database to be managed, whereas investigations done by the authors imply that no ocial organization maintains any related authenticated data, making thriving construction waste management policies too dicult to be dened and implemented in Tehran, Iran. In this article, variables aecting materials waste were derived from accessible reviewed literature, then using the rst questionnaire survey quantities of variables were collected for thirty two representative residential buildings in Tehran. Primary analysis showed that cement is wasted more than other studied materials (about 8.6% by weight). Due to huge amounts of energy and raw materials used in production of cement and pertained destructive eects on environment such as air pollutants emission, cement waste reduction leads to emission abatement and cost saving. This is why cement waste was targeted to be diminished in this paper. After quantifying cement waste versus dependent variables of this study, it was resulted that \lump sum" contract is preferable to \cost plus" contract in terms of cement waste. Furthermore, designing smaller buildings with more stories is suggested instead of bigger buildings with fewer stories. Since no construction waste reduction policy is implemented in Iran so far, authors conducted a subsequent questionnaire survey to evaluate dierent waste reduction policies. As a result, dening a nancial-based incentive plan ranked the rst in order of preference based on opinions of construction experts. Therefore, a nancial-based incentive plan was structured. This plan was proven to be both viable economically and justiable environmentally. These suggestions could be proposed to Tehran municipality to be implementable in sustainable residential building projects.