Evaluation of the Asian Highway Role on Fire Golestan National Park in GIS Environment

  The presence of roads plays an important role in the occurrence and prevention of forest fires, which causes damage to the ecosystem of the soil and seriously endanger the ecosystem's performance and service, and threat the stability of forest eco-environment. The rising incidence of this event has increased the need to develop appropriate management plans for areas that are susceptible to fire. Therefore, the present study investigates the role of the transit road known as the Asian Shahrah, which passes through the Golestan National Park and has direct and indirect effects on the park fires. In this study, first the human factors (distance of transit road, side roads, villages, tourist areas and the presence hunters and farmers) affecting the fire in this area were determined. After that, according to the way of influencing, these layers were fuzzy and weight factors were obtained in two cases of transit road and transit road transport using the Analytic Hierarchy Process. After determining the weight and prepare invoices using the weighted average method arranged in six scenarios and modeling was performed both with and without transit road and best-case scenario was found with comparison with the real situations fire map and use of the Relative Operating Characteristic statistics. Finally, zoning with regard to the risk of using Run macro modules, and where the zones were fitted. Results showed the role of transit roads in the presence of 0/296 weight and transfer road with 0/077 weight. The Scenario with the average level of risk and decompensation was recognized as the best scenario with ROC = 0/87. The results also showed that if transported, the high risk areas would from 5647 ha would reduce to 2986 ha which is in fact 47% reduction of the whole high potential risk area. Road transit plays a direct role in 46 percent of fires in the area. Considering the high weight of the road presence role in the fires of Golestan National Park, it can be said that Because of the presence of Turkmen Sahra region, and also deserts and plains of Semnan province in the north and south of Golestan National Park, warm winds from these areas blowing to the Golestan National Park, so there are favorable conditions for fire occurrence in the park, which will increase the chance of fire in the park by high traffic on the transit road. Therefore, with due attention to role of the Asian highway in wildlife road accidents and the loss of countless numbers of them and probability of fire occurrence in the region, the need to transfer this road to the outside of the park is felt more and more.