Time Perspective: Investigation of Theory Bases to Program Designing for Education of Parent of Children with Intellectual Disability

Time perspective is a psychological construct that represents an individual’s relation with time. Also, intellectual disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, that originates at developmental period. The birth and presence of a child with intellectual disability led to the family have many problems, and it influences the quantity and quality of parent relationships and family members in the time perspective. Also, time perspective emerges from the cognitive process for portioning human experience into the past, present, and future temporal frames. Time perspective theory has five factors, namely past positive, past negative, present hedonistic, present fatalistic, and future. Time perspective theory posits that one’s perception of time influences decision making by locating the primary set of psychological influences within the temporal frames of the present, the past, or the future. Although individual difference trait are relatively stable, there are initial studies showing that it can be modified by the therapeutic process. Individual’s differences in time perspective theory have been associated with affective, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes. Research has shown that time perspective is related to subjective well-being and individual’s affective experiences, and that it influences cognitive processes as well as social relationships. In this article investigated theory bases of time perspective approach and designed program for parent of children with intellectual disability.