Impact of the Anatomical Factors of the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery in Patients With Single-Vessel Disease

Despite the recognition of the common risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD), it appears that there is a wider range of risk factors. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the association between the anatomical factors and the increased risk of CAD occurrence‏ and its clinical consequences. in this study, 50 cases with a single coronary artery stenosis of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and 50 controls with a normal coronary angiography or non-obstructive CAD were enrolled, and the objective of the study was compared between the 2 groups. The number of the branches before the LAD stenosis significantly increased in the patients with LAD disease, and there was a meaningful increase in the number of both the diagonal and septal branches originating before the stenosis (P<0.001). The average number of the diagonal branches was the same in both groups, which was statistically insignificant. (P=0.986) The mean value of the angle between the largest diagonal branch or septal branch and the LAD in the cases with CAD and the controls showed no significant difference. A family history of the early-onset cardiovascular disease in the control group with non-obstructive CAD was 6% versus 20% in the CAD group, and this difference was statistically significant (P≤0.03). According to our study, it appears that the sum of the septal and diagonal branches of the LAD can be a statistically significant risk factor for the progression of atherosclerosis in the LAD as well. The LAD involvement is significantly associated with the familial type of CAD.