The Concept of the Rule of Law in the Viewpoints of Mirza-Malkam Khan Nazim al-Dawlah

This article discusses the concept of the rule of law in the Mirzamalkam Khan Nazem al-Dawlah viewpoints. Although many books and articles have been written about his life, his newspaper and publications, but this main question has not been answered that whether Malakm Khan knew anything about the foundation, legal basis, and political requirements of the rule of law or not? The requirements such as the basic rights and separation of the forces. It has been said that he and some other intellectuals of the Qajar era have been influenced by the thoughts of the Enlightenment period of France. The hypothesis of the present article is that such a thing has not been existed, in order to explain the subject, one of the most important sources of that age, The Spirit of the Laws, has been considered to show in the contrary of the Enlightenment philosophers, which have had certain legal and political foundations for their views, Intellectuals such as Mirzamalkam Khan did not provide a solid foundation for providing the theory of the rule of the law.
The methodology of this paper is based on Analysis of Discourse and a comparative study of the ideas of Montesquieu and Malakm Khan in order to show that the idea of the rule of law has major differences with each other, and Malkam Khan has not been aware of the philosophical requirements and the political foundations of the rule of law theory.