Comparison of the Immediate Effects of Mirror, Raw Video, and Real-time Visual Feedback on Dynamic Lower Limb Alignment and Pain in Individuals with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

  Patellofemoral pain syndrome, described as the black hole of orthopedics, is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints in athlete and non-athlete populations. Altered kinematic, including dynamic lower extremity valgus, helps with the patellofemoral pain. Using a visual feedback device can help in correction of dynamics knee alignment. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of mirror, raw video, and real-time visual feedbacks on dynamic lower limb alignment and pain in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome. In the current study, 52 women with a mean age of 42±4.16 yrs with patellofemoral pain syndrome participated. The lower extremity dynamics and pain were measured using single leg squat and the Dartfish Pro Suite 7 software, and visual analog scale before and after correction of the dynamic lower limb alignment with three types of feedback: mirror, raw video, and real-time visual feedback. The results revealed that all three types of feedback mirror, raw video, and real-time visual biofeedback have a significant effect on lower extremity alignment, but the results for pain were not observed to be significant. According to the results, all the three types of mirror feedback, raw film and visual feedback influenced the dynamic lower limb alignment in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome, but there was no significant difference between the effects of immediate feedbacks.