Effect of Insole and Exercise Therapy on Correction of Foot Longitudinal Arch, Pelvic Tilt, and Lumbar Lordosis in Flat Foot People: A Systematic Review

  Postural changes in the lower limbs such as flat foot deformity can lead to abnormal changes in the axis of the lower extremities, the pelvic position, and the lower back. Since parts of the body are like a chain and each part affects the other parts, it is possible that changes in the balance of the foot with the use of insole and plantar exercise therapy improve the height of the medial longitudinal arch and correction of flat foot, which in turn can modify the axis of the lower extremities, pelvic tilt, and lumbar lordosis. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the positive and negative effects of insole and exercise therapy on the flat foot, pelvic tilt, and lumbar lordosis. To search for related articles, IranMedex, Magiran, SID, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases were used. GoogleScholar was searched with both Persian and English language and keywords. The search was performed between August and September, 2016. In our study, based on the artcticles studied, it was found that insole has a positive effect on symptoms of the flat foot and correction of the axis lower limb. On the other hand, the articles related to the effects of exercise therapy on the flat feet showed that exercise therapy has a positive effect on the flat feet, except for one case. According to the results, using insole and exercise therapy can help support the plantar arch and leads to improvement in the flat foot, which can probably lead to alignment in the lower limb axis, pelvic tilt angle, and lumbar lordosis