Elderly, Consequences of Falling, and Evolutionary Exercises: A Review

  Attention to the phenomenon of aging, fall, consequences of falling, and finding methods to prevent falling in the elderly are points of interest to many researchers. On the other hand, choosing exercises that, in limited time, can bring about high effects with minimum facilities, are their ultimate goal. Therefore, the aim of the present review study was to investigate the consequences of falling and evolution of training in the elderly. In the current study by searching among related articles published from 1984 to 2017 in the field of elderly training and valid scientific databases, based on the research criteria, 55 articles were selected as the final articles for the present review study. Increasing age is associated with impaired systematicity of the human body and overall the ability to respond to perturbation decreases affecting the balance control and leading to increase in the chances of falling, which is one of the main causes of mortality in the elderly. Risk factors of strength disorder, balance, and reaction time are the most important causes of falls, and finally, balance disorder is one of the strongest and most important factors in the control of balance and falling in the elderly. In addition, various training protocols for improving balance and preventing falling have been shown to have conflicting outcomes. According to the results, if the main mechanisms of postural neurological control and balance are not properly strengthened, any perturbation such as glide, stinging to the edge of the carpet, and like can disrupt the balance and fall and result in irreversible problems. Therefore, further studies are needed to illustrate the effect of training focused on balance control mechanisms in preventing falls and persistence rate of this exercises