A comparative study of the "theory of civilization" from the viewpoint of Fukotsawa and Malik Ben Nabi

With the encounter of various civilizations with the apparent layers of Western civilization and its observation, the scholars of nations have always sought to explain the causes of its stunning and sometimes the decadent of its civilization. The approaches of the indigenous thinkers of different nations to the West can be taken in three categories: adoption of Western civilization, withdrawal of Western civilization and finding a way to fit native conditions. This paper seeks to compare the ideas of Fukotsawa and Malik Ibn Nabi with the two Japanese and Muslim thinkers who are both born in the post-Enlightenment West with their views on their civilization and their relationship with the West. The two seek to find a native answer to solve their civilization problems and belong to the third group. Fukotsawa believes that Japanese civilization must have wisdom in front of Western civilization, and out of prejudice and in accordance with the principles of Japanese civilization offers a native way. Malik Ibn Nabi also, considering the essence of Islam and its effect on the civilization of the Muslim world, believes that religious civilization should be defended against imported and secular civilization. The research question is based on the ideas of Fukotsawa and Malik Ibn Nabi, with regard to native conditions, how we can find a way out of the current conditions of the Third World countries and pave the way for these countries to embark on a new civilization process without losing national and religious identities? The research hypothesis is that Fukotsawa (the pioneer of Japan's civilization advancement) and Malik Ibn Nabi, the theorist of Islamic civilization, both have reform thinking and seek to find a suitable way based on the native conditions that do not intend to merely adopt or reject.