In the past few years, the Syrian crisis has become one of the most important issues in the international system and has attracted worldwide attention. Syria has become competition field for the regional and international powers which each plays a role according to their goals and interests. Meanwhile, the Russian Federation has always been one of the most influential international players which has played a decisive role in this field. Hence, In this article the cause and manners of Russia's policies and actions toward the Syrian crisis have been studied. Besides, knowing the fact that developments in Syria and the Russian's approach to it, has direct and indirect implications for the national interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran, a comprehensive review of this topic has also been made. Anyway, the main issue is that what’s Russia's policy on the Syrian crisis and its consequences for Iran's national interests? The hypothesis suggests that Russia's policy in the Syrian crisis is an attempt to create a balance in the international system and confronting existing threats posed by the United States over the security and national interests of the country which is in line with Iranian policies that provide its national interests. Nevertheless, differences in the attitudes of the two countries and their types of activism can create challenges.