Survey of Osteoporosis Risk Factors (Review Article)

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease, due to which the fractures result in huge economic and social costs every year for the health system of the country and the people, therefore, the present study was conducted to review the risk factors for osteoporosis. The present article is a narrative review in which articles published in Persian and English at the Google scholar, SID, PubMed, and Science Direct databases from 2000 to 2016 using key words of osteoporosis, Bone density, Risk factor, Bone Mineral Density, Age, Sex, BMI and Menopause. In the study of 19 articles in this study, the most important risk factors for osteoporosis were odds ratio, the age of 60 years old 22.9(19), body mass index (BMI) less than 25, 4.2 (22), inactivity Physical exercise 2.1 (20) and exercise less than 3 hours 2.8 (21), the number of deliveries more than 3 times 2.1 (22), hookah consumption 12.7 (20) and menopause 29.6 (23), Low dairy consumption was 34.2 (23), family history of 2.3 (23), Use of glucocorticoids 3.6 (22). The most important risk factors for osteoporosis mentioned in the studies related to the lifestyle, Therefore, health programs, attention to nutrition and physical activity from childhood and adolescence should be considered by health policy-makers.