Investigating the Effect of Using Renewable Resources on Electricity Supply Demand Presenting a two-objective Mathematical Model

The increasing demand for electricity and the cost of using fossil fuels has led to the use of renewable resources and the development of clean energy as a means of securing energy and counteracting the negative effects of climate change.Consequently, the presence of renewable energies has increased the complexity of planning for electricity supply, which is one of the most important issues in the energy supply chain. In this paper, we present a two-objective mixed-integer linear programming model that has environmental and economic objectives, so that we can measure the impact of the use of renewable resources on the amount Earnings from energy sales, polluting emissions and fuel consumption of power plants. Since the proposed model follows two objectives, the ε-constraint method is used to obtain Pareto solutions.
Finally, according to the solutions, we have concluded that high capacity plants have a larger share in supplying the grid demand either with an economic approach or with an environmental approach, and low capacity power plants are only  used to increase network reliability and to cope with fluctuations in demand. At the same time, the use of large-scale renewable resources, in addition to reducing emissions, will increase the profits from the sale of electricity. In addition, the results show that the development of the use of microgrids and distributed generation is a suitable approach for supplying electricity demand.