Investigating on the Condition for the Necessity of Spatial and Temporal Union of Criminal Behavior and Death for Confirmation (Taghlīẓ) of Blood Money (Diya) (An Exploration into the Jurisprudence the principles of Article 555 ICL)

In Article 555 ICL, the confirmation (taghlīẓ) of the diya is conditional on the conduct of both the offender and death to be in the sacred months or in the sanctuary of Mecca, whereas most of the Imāmī jurisprudents are in favor of the non-conditionality of the unity of place and time of death and criminal behavior. Accordingly, the main issue of the present paper is to examine different perspectives on the necessity or unnecessary unity of the time or place of the crime and the death of the innocent person in order to establish the confirmation of the diya and to analyze the evidence presented in this regard. The findings of this research, based on the descriptive-analytic method and based on the library resources, indicate that, despite the great disadvantage of the validity of the narratives regarding the principle of confirmation of the diya, the right statement is a rival viewpoint, which the Iranian legislator has chosen the same. Because according to the narrations on this issue, including those in Kulayb al-Asadī’s Ṣaḥīḥa, the realization of criminal behavior is relevant at that location or time. Therefore, the criterion in the confirmation of the diya is that the murder is carried out at that time or place and as its conventional evidence it is necessary that the cause and caused, namely, behavior and death, have a time and place unity. Because murder is the title whose truth requires practical behavior, without which the appellation of death or demise is true for it, not murder. Sufficing the agreed certitude in the opposite cases, like the confirmation of diya, also confirms the theory of the validity of the unity of time and place of criminality and death. It also seems that the term “conduct of the perpetrator” in the mentioned article makes yields to probabilities that might violate the assessment of evidence in some cases. Hence, in order to repel it, it is suggested to replace it with the term “criminal behavior”.