The Change of Synonymous Words in Hafez’ Sonnets

Hafez was bold enough to repeat the meaning (not the words) in the lines of his sonnets. His use of synonymous words and phrases is evidence of this fact. Hafez is unique in paying attention to and employing the subtle differences between words which have similar meanings. He not only pays attention to the synonymous words but also takes account of the opposite meanings of such keywords as synonym; he substitutes apparently synonymous words and uses each word in the appropriate context of words and phrases in the lines composed. He does not use the similar concepts in the form of a stretch of words coming in a sequence. Instead, he substitutes the second word in a separate sentence with the first word. This is his unique way of creating new meanings. The arrangement of synonymous words, attending to the subtle differences between words and their use in appropriate contexts have given Hafez a special ability to create new meanings. This technique has also led to new paradoxes and sweet scoffing. By so doing, he ascends to the figurative meaning of the language. This happens in 5% of Hafez’ lines seeking new structures and meanings.