An Overview of the Effects of polyphenols on Cardiac Mitochondrial Function

Mitochondria plays a major role in maintaining homeostasis of heart cells. Mitochondria produce ATP and is the main intracellular source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which can cause oxidative damage. Free oxygen radicals and oxidative damage are associated with cardiovascular pathology. Antioxidant defense can play an essential role in preventing oxidative damage by controlling free oxygen radicals. The current review study discusses latest scientific findings about cardioprotective effects of polyphenols on mitochondria, including resveratrol, quercetin, and curcumin. Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a natural polyphenol compound that is found in many fruits and vegetables such as berries and red grapes. It improves mitochondrial function by inducing gene expression of oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial biogenesis. Quercetin has beneficial effects on human heart and prevents oxidative damage by preventing LDL cholesterol oxidation and endothelial vasodilatation effects. Curcumin is a chemical compound (1,7-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-1,6-heptadine-3,5-dione) and is the active component of turmeric (Curcuma longa). Curcumin protects the cardiomyocytes from ischemic injury caused by reperfusion by reducing oxidative stress. It improves mitochondrial function of the cardiomyocytes by decreasing free oxygen radicals and improving the function of oxidative phosphorylation. The role of polyphenol compounds in preventing oxidative damage and cardioprotection should be considered beyond foods and could be investigated as lead molecules in discovery and development of new drugs.