Possible Study on Cultural Responses of prehistoric Societies in the North Central Iran to Holocene Climate Change

In the Holocene, despite the increase in climate sustainability compared to the last ice age, abrupt climatic changes has occurred repeatedly and periodically on global and regional scales, which have affected the culture and lifestyle of human societies. Effective human responses to these climatic events have always been possible through adaptation or migration. Cooling/warming periods that have come with natural consequences such as severe droughts, dust storms, heat waves, extreme weather events and floods, due to the destruction and reduction of crop production, famine, social conflicts, widespread migration, displacement, disease outbreaks and rising mortality rates have also had significant effects on the physical and mental health of humans. Given that the set of consequences during the current global climate change (global warming) are taking place, and there is also evidence from a historical periods in this regard, it is likely that prehistoric cultures, during climate change periods, have fallen for reasons mentioned. This research deals with the possible culture-climate association in the North Central Iran during the 7th to 5th millennia BCs. According to the paleoclimate research and the archaeological information, at least 4 effective climate change events are likely to be a challenge and disruption to the inhabitants of this region. Likely, most of the Sialk I period have been spent in a relatively unfavorable climate, but there was a mild and wet climate in the late period, as well as the early Cheshmeh Ali phase. It seems that the first cultural flourishing period in the North Central Iran has occurred between about 5300 - 5000 BC, and the second progress period, related to the late Cheshmeh Ali period, between about 4700 - 4400 BC. By the late 5th millennium BC, there has been a cultural decline and a decrease in the number of settlements in most areas of the region.