A Resarch On Tubular GLass Rods OF The Doors OF Untash-Napirisha And Their Analysis By X-Rey Fluorescence Method

In exploration of Al-Untash-Napirisha (The Site known as Chogha Zanbil) tubular glass rods were found, in which so far there has not been any comprehensive research about them in form of an investigational article and only constituent elements of a few pieces which had been entered the Corning Museum of Glass in New York where they were analised and determined. In the excavation done by Roland de Mecquenem and Michaleon, between 1935-1939 AD and 1946 AD in this site, many tubular glass rods had been discovered which weight almost 100 kg. In the description of these findings, it was assumed that they were long glass beads with length of 20 to 28 cm. in dark blue and white or amber that in some of them bronze rods remained. Although these tubular glass were found in the entrances of buildings so-called North-eastern, they could not understand what they were being used for .Along with these tubular glass rods, copper sheet had also been found which were identified as part of these doors. After World War II, between 1951 to 1962,the continuation of excavations done by a French group in Ziggurat by Roman Ghirshman, fragment wooden doors had been discovered that in some of them,there were bronze rods. In most of the temples in the holy site, which included a square area in the center of the city, these kinds of tubular glass were found. In the temple of mother-goddess Pinikir, the first temple of the eastern group of the holy site, these tubular glasses were inserted in the wooden double doors. The wooden double doors of the Ada and Shala temple were the second and the temple of Shimut and Belt-ali were the third of this group, which also were decorated with these tubular glass. The temple of Nepratep, which included four small temples wereisolated from the rest. Each of these small temples had a wooden double door in length of 2.2mwhich were gateways. These tubular glass rods were inserted in wooden double doors of some temples and Chogha Zanbil ziggurat. These tubular glass rods were made from translucent glass and most of them are in dark bluish purple colour, which a wide strip of white glass was twisted around each of them. In this article after a brief introduction about king Al-Untash-Napirisha, a broad explanation was presented about how the mentioned tubular glass rods were found and the samples are currently being held in some of the museumes around the world. With development of human knowledge today and the engineering science applied to archeology, a discipline referred to as archaeometry has been formed The results of the analysing a single sample kept in storages of Susa Castle by conducting fluorescence x-ray method in laboratory of faculty of science in Tarbiat Modarres University, in comparison with the results of this same analysis on four samples that had been done in Corning Museum of Glass is being reflect. Manganese oxide is the oldest element in glass compounds, which in Egypt, Mesopotamia and Elam in the middle of second millennium B.C. was used to make glass by adding four other elements, magnesium, potassium, antimony and lead oxides to silica (in form of sand), the common batch of glass. The high manganese batch produce blue and purple to black colour glass, reversely reducing amount of manganese decolourized glass products. Chemical analysis of many samples of revealed dates and sites of founded objects approve the presence of mentioned oxides with almost the same amount. The examination of these tubular glass rods samples show that in their making also these elements were used.