Executive Functioning and Creative Thinking in Bilinguals and Monolinguals Aged 60-80 Years Living in Tehran, Iran

The present study compared executive functions and creative thinking in older monolingual and bilingual adults. This was a descriptive study with a causal-comparative design. Study population consisted of all elderly people enjoying parks in Tehran City, Iran to spend their leisure time. Of whom, 100 elderlies, including 50 monolinguals (Persian), and 50 bilinguals (Azeri-Persian) aged 60-80 years were selected using convenience sampling method and based on the inclusion criteria. The subjects were fully conscious, able to answer the questions, and accessible. The data collection tools were digit span memory test, Wechsler adult intelligence scale, D2 test of attention, continuous performance test, and Torrance tests of creative thinking. For analyzing the obtained data, multivariate analysis of variance and pairwise comparison tests were used. There was a significant difference between bilinguals and monolinguals in terms of forward span memory, backward span memory, and total working memory. Also, bilinguals reported a higher performance in the dimensions of selective attention and the dimensions of cognitive inhibition. Bilingualism can improve cognitive function in the elderly. It is suggested that in future studies, while assessing the effect of bilingualism on the prevention of dementia, people be encouraged to learn a second language.