Measuring Spectators’ Involvement Levels in Iranian Pro League of Football within the Framework of the Psychological Continuum Model (PCM)

The aim of this study was to measure spectators’ involvement levels in Iranian pro league of football within the framework of the psychological continuum model. 842 spectators from ten teams of that league were selected through stratified-random sampling, and they completed the assessment scale of Funk’s sports involvement dimensions (2008) voluntarily. According to the involvement dimensions and within the framework of this model, the findings indicated that the lowest and highest involvement levels are respectively related to the levels of awareness (2%) and attachment (78%). The findings of confirmatory factor analysis showed that involvement multi-dimensional model is a useful tool for segmenting spectators based on their involvement levels. The results showed that most spectators are situated at the level of attachment, and the highest level in this model is one’s loyalty, which is defined as his commitment to sport. Therefore, the event managers can achieve spectators’ loyalty by reinforcing attachment.