Contemplation on the Illuminated Qur’anic Rubrics of the Timurid and Qajar Era (A comparative study of the Qur'anic Rubrics of the samples from the Sacred Threshold of Qom and the Central Library of Tabriz)

Illumination is one of the most decorative-applied arts that are considered as a subset of art books. Quran-designing is one of the suitable ways for the manifestation of this art that has been developed since the early Islamic Ages. Illumination can be seen in various applications of the Qur'an, including the decoration of the opening pages, the opening pages of the components and etc. in the form of Shamseh(roundel) or rubrics. Rubric decorations were used by artists during Timurid and Qajar periods. There are reasonable examples from that era. Timurid examples preserved at the Sacred Threshold of Qom and the Qajar examples preserved at the Central Library of Tabriz are Valuable national reserves in the field of illuminated Qur’anic manuscripts which have contemplated until now. The present research answers the following two basic questions: What are the visual and decorative features of the selected rubrics of the illuminated Qu’ran’s of the Timurid and Qajar era? What are the Subscription and differentiation points of Timurid and Qajar Quran’s rubrics preserved at the Sacred Threshold of Qom and the Qajar examples preserved at the Central Library of Tabriz? This research is descriptive-analytical and works has been evaluated using comparative method. Resources have been collected by library method and samples have been collected through field method.
The results of the research showed that the rubrics of the Qurans of the Timurid have a coherent feature and visual strength in form and role, regarding page proportions and decorative motifs, but the composition of the motifs of the Qajar rubrics has a rather diffuse structure. To use of arabesque motifs aesthetic, golden and lazuli colored has been seen in both works with variable proportions.