Critical Discourse Analysis of “Disciple’s Duties” from the Qushayri's Point of View, According to the Fairclough’s Theory

Critical discourse analysis is a way for text analysis and Norman Fairclough has presented the most comprehensive approach in this field that discovers the relationship between the text and the context in three layers: description, interpretation and explanation. Expanding the new methods of the text analysis, makes necessary to analysis the ancient texts by these methods. Although the mystical texts often have written by the personal (and inner) motivations and apart from the politics and the society, they have not been protected from the society's effects and their dominant discourses are influenced by the social conditions. Fifth century is one of the important periods of the mysticism and “Qushayri Risala” is one of the prominent texts of this period, which has been written by Abū al-Qāsim al-Qushayrī for explaining the principles and ideas of Sufism because, it had been appeared some deviancies in mysticism. In this essay, it is analyzed according to the Fairclough’s theory the last part of this book which contains some orders to the disciples. The results shows that Qushayri's ideology has been discovered along his way of using the words and the phrases. The dominant discourses of this part are obeisance to the Sufism, ascetic and surrendering the disciples to the Sufis. These discourses in addition to the representing the social, political and cultural conditions, make it easy to reproduce the new conditions and to improve the existing conditions.