Three-dimensional Study of Flow Turbulence Extension around Straight, T and L Shaped Groynes in Open Channles using Physical Model

Rivers have long been considered as one of the most important sources of water supply. Flooding during flood events causes irreparable damage. Therefore, some methods such as the protection of river banks against erosion are considered to control the flood. One of the methods for protecting the rivers and controlling their erosion is the use of groynes. Groyne is a structure that uses rock, sand, etc. to   slow down the process of erosion and prevent ice-jamming, which in turn aids navigation . and generates suitable environmental conditions for aquatic organisms in different conditions and in different parts of the river. According to the importance of groynes, a detailed and three- dimensional study of turbulent flow and the intensity  of turbulence extension in these structures is of prime importance . In the present research, three- dimensional turbulent flow was completely studied using ADV advanced velocimeter in straight, L- and T- shaped groynes in a straight canal with a rigid substrate and 20% contraction of the groynes in the canal’s width by collecting numerous data points , and the turbulent extension  was studied in three- dimensions, which is one of the novel charactersistics of this research.